### Section 1: Introduction to wsgidav
#### What is wsgidav?
wsgidav is a Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) server that is implemented using the Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) standard. It is designed to provide an easy way to share files over the web, allowing for editing and management of files through standard HTTP methods. This makes it a powerful tool for web security professionals and penetration testers, especially when it comes to assessing the security of web applications that utilize WebDAV.
WebDAV extends the HTTP/1.1 protocol to allow users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote web servers. The key features of wsgidav include:
– Support for HTTP methods like PUT, GET, DELETE, and PROPFIND.
– User authentication and authorization.
– Integration with third-party authentication backends.
– Extensible through WSGI middleware.
### Installation and Configuration on Kali Linux
#### Prerequisites
Before we dive into the installation process, ensure you have a fresh installation of Kali Linux. You can download the latest version from the official [Kali Linux website](https://www.kali.org/downloads/). Additionally, make sure that Python (preferably version 3.x) is installed on your system as wsgidav is a Python package.
#### Installation Steps
1. **Update Package List**
Start by updating your package list to ensure all packages are up to date.
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
2. **Install Python and pip**
Make sure Python is installed. If it’s not installed, you can install it using the following command:
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip -y
3. **Install wsgidav**
You can install wsgidav via pip. Run the following command:
pip3 install wsgidav
4. **Install Additional Dependencies**
Depending on your use case, you might want to install some additional dependencies like `setuptools` and `webdavclient`. You can do this by:
pip3 install setuptools webdavclient
5. **Verify Installation**
To confirm that wsgidav is installed correctly, you can run:
wsgidav –version
#### Configuration
Configuring wsgidav is essential to tailor it to your pentesting needs. Here’s a basic configuration to get you started.
1. **Create a Configuration File**
You can create a configuration file named `wsgidav.conf`:
[/dm_code_snippet]json
{
"host": "0.0.0.0",
"port": 8080,
"provider_mapping": {
"/": {
"path": "/path/to/your/files",
"provider": "wsgidav.storages.file_storage.FileStorage"
}
},
"user_mapping": {
"user1": "password1"
},
"debug": true
}
[/dm_code_snippet]
2. **Run wsgidav**
To run wsgidav with the configuration file, execute:
wsgidav –host=0.0.0.0 –port=8080 –config=wsgidav.conf
3. **Accessing the Server**
You can now access the wsgidav server in your browser or with a WebDAV client by navigating to `http://
### Step-by-Step Usage and Real-World Use Cases
#### Basic Usage
##### Connecting to the Server
You can connect to your wsgidav server using a WebDAV client or through the command line for operations like uploading, downloading, and managing files.
###### Using cURL
You can use `curl` to interact with the wsgidav server. Here’s how you can perform basic operations:
1. **Upload a File:**
curl -u user1:password1 -T localfile.txt http://:8080/remote/remote_file.txt
2. **Download a File:**
curl -u user1:password1 -O http://:8080/remote/remote_file.txt
3. **Delete a File:**
curl -u user1:password1 -X DELETE http://:8080/remote/remote_file.txt
#### Advanced Use Cases
1. **File Manipulation in WordPress:**
Many WordPress installations might use WebDAV for file uploads and management. You can use wsgidav to test file upload vulnerabilities. If a website is misconfigured, you could potentially upload a malicious PHP file that can execute server-side code.
Code for uploading in a WordPress environment:
[/dm_code_snippet]php
:8080/remote/evil.php';
$file = '/path/to/local/evil.php';
$user = 'user1';
$pass = 'password1';
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$user:$pass");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
$fh = fopen($file, 'r');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_INFILE, $fh);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, filesize($file));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
fclose($fh);
curl_close($ch);
?>
[/dm_code_snippet]
2. **User Credential Harvesting:**
If the WebDAV server is misconfigured or uses basic HTTP authentication, it could be susceptible to credential harvesting attacks. You could conduct a series of penetration tests to check if user credentials are being transmitted in plain text.
### Detailed Technical Explanations
#### Understanding WebDAV Protocol
The WebDAV protocol extends HTTP/1.1 by adding features to allow users to create, change, and move documents on a server. It uses standard HTTP methods but introduces additional methods like:
– **PROPFIND**: Retrieves properties from the server.
– **PROPPATCH**: Changes and updates properties.
– **MKCOL**: Creates a new collection (directory).
– **COPY**: Copies a resource from one location to another.
– **MOVE**: Moves a resource to a different collection.
Understanding these methods is essential when performing security assessments on WebDAV-enabled applications. Often, misconfigured applications may expose sensitive directories or allow for unwanted file manipulations.
### External Reference Links
– [wsgidav Official Documentation](https://wsgidav.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
– [WebDAV Protocol Specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4918)
– [Kali Linux Official Documentation](https://www.kali.org/docs/)
– [Python Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/)
### Code Examples in Markdown Code Blocks
Here’s a summary of the code snippets we discussed:
#### Uploading a File with cURL
"`bash
curl -u user1:password1 -T localfile.txt http://
"`
#### Downloading a File with cURL
"`bash
curl -u user1:password1 -O http://
"`
#### Deleting a File with cURL
"`bash
curl -u user1:password1 -X DELETE http://
"`
#### PHP Code for WordPress File Upload
"`php
:8080/remote/evil.php';
$file = '/path/to/local/evil.php';
$user = 'user1';
$pass = 'password1';
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$user:$pass");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
$fh = fopen($file, 'r');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_INFILE, $fh);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, filesize($file));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
fclose($fh);
curl_close($ch);
?>
"`
### Conclusion
wsgidav provides a robust platform for testing the security of WebDAV implementations. Understanding its functionality and how to leverage its features can open up numerous avenues for penetration testing, from user credential harvesting to unauthorized file access. Ensure you follow best security practices and always have permission before testing any system.
nnMade by pablo rotem / פבלו רותם